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Many historical records were created using information provided by an informant rather than the individual themselves. The reliability of a record often depends on who supplied the information and how well they knew the details being recorded.
Who Is the Informant
The informant is the person providing information for a record.
- May be the individual themselves
- Often a family member, neighbor, or official
- May not have firsthand knowledge of all details
- Relationship to the subject is critical to evaluate
Types of Informants
Different records rely on different informants.
- Census records – Enumerator or household member
- Death certificates – Family member or attending physician
- Marriage records – Bride, groom, or officiant
- Probate records – Heirs or court officials
Factors Affecting Reliability
The accuracy of information varies based on several factors.
- Proximity to the event – Closer events tend to be more accurate
- Knowledge of the subject – Immediate family more reliable
- Memory – Recollection of past events may be flawed
- Emotional circumstances – Stress or grief may affect accuracy
Primary vs. Secondary Information
Not all recorded information has equal reliability.
- Primary information – Provided by someone with direct knowledge
- Secondary information – Provided by someone recalling past events
- Mixed information – Some details accurate, others less reliable
Research Considerations
- Identify who provided the information whenever possible
- Compare details across multiple records
- Prioritize records closest in time to the event
- Treat all information as evidence to be evaluated, not assumed fact
If you’d like this information in a clean, printable, and well-organized reference format, this topic is also included in the Quicksheet Vault. The Vault is designed for researchers who prefer working tools they can save, print, and reuse — whether that means building a personal binder of key resources or keeping reliable references close at hand. You can learn more about the Quicksheet Vault HERE