(This page's most recent update is
July 2024)
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Another type of genealogy record that provides tremendous value is tax records. Like city directories and voting registers, they provide information for us between federal censuses. They also can go back to colonial times.
Types of Taxes
- Income tax
- Federal direct tax
- Poll or head tax
- Real property, e.g., land
- Personal property, e.g., livestock, equipment, carriages, enslaved persons
- Other, such as special levies for roads, schools, etc.
Types of Information
- Date
- Residence address; property, license, or goods; value; tax amount; possibly profession, occupation, or trade
- Name of the taxpayer, usually white adult males
- Town/township/city, county, and state of residence
- Owner and/or renter of the property
- Number of white adult males in the home
- Type and value of property
- Livestock owned
- Personal property owned
- Amount of tax owed
- Profession, occupation, or trade
- Number of school-aged children
- Number of enslaved persons
Derivative information, such as birth date, death date, and date of marriage can often be estimated or determined from the presence or absence of a person in a tax list.
Good primers regarding the genealogical value of tax records and more details can be found in these articles:
- The Genealogical Benefits of Tax Records
- Using Poll Tax Records for Genealogy
- Genealogy 101: Tax Records
- Back to the Basics with Tax Records: Part 1
- Back to the Basics with Tax Records: Part 2
- Back to the Basics with Tax Records: Part 3
- United States Taxation
- The Value of Using US Tax Records in Genealogy Research
Below, listed by the state are links to tax records that are available for free online.
- Free Alabama Online Tax Records
- Free Alaska Online Tax Records
- Free Arizona Online Tax Records
- Free Arkansas Online Tax Records
- Free California Online Tax Records
- Free Colorado Online Tax Records
- Free Connecticut Online Tax Records
- Free Delaware Online Tax Records
- Free District of Columbia Online Tax Records
- Free Florida Online Tax Records
- Free Georgia Online Tax Records
- Free Hawaii Online Tax Records
- Free Idaho Online Tax Records
- Free Illinois Online Tax Records
- Free Indiana Online Tax Records
- Free Iowa Online Tax Records
- Free Kansas Online Tax Records
- Free Kentucky Online Tax Records
- Free Louisiana Online Tax Records
- Free Maine Online Tax Records
- Free Maryland Online Tax Records
- Free Massachusetts Online Tax Records
- Free Michigan Online Tax Records
- Free Minnesota Online Tax Records
- Free Mississippi Online Tax Records
- Free Missouri Online Tax Records
- Free Montana Online Tax Records
- Free Nebraska Online Tax Records
- Free Nevada Online Tax Records
- Free New Hampshire Online Tax Records
- Free New Jersey Online Tax Records
- Free New Mexico Online Tax Records
- Free New York Online Tax Records
- Free North Carolina Online Tax Records
- Free North Dakota Online Tax Records
- Free Ohio Online Tax Records
- Free Oklahoma Online Tax Records
- Free Oregon Online Tax Records
- Free Pennsylvania Online Tax Records
- Free Rhode Island Online Tax Records
- Free South Carolina Online Tax Records
- Free South Dakota Online Tax Records
- Free Tennessee Online Tax Records
- Free Texas Online Tax Records
- Free Utah Online Tax Records
- Free Vermont Online Tax Records
- Free Virginia Online Tax Records
- Free Washington Online Tax Records
- Free West Virginia Online Tax Records
- Free Wisconsin Online Tax Records
- Free Wyoming Online Tax Records
Good Luck and Happy Hunting!